Who are the winners and losers?

A deal to “reset” the relationships between the UK and the EU after the Brexit has been agreed at a top in London.

The agreement includes a series of issues, including defense, fishing, trade in food products and the ability of young people to move freely between the UK and the EU.

BBC Verify has completed the deal and selected the potential winners and losers.

Winner: British food expansions for the EU who could see fewer checks

Loser: people who do not want the UK to follow the EU rules because strings are attached

Since the Brexit, British goods traveling to the EU – including food products – have confronted with new checks and extra paperwork.

Some items, such as the British export of raw hamburgers and sausages, have been banned from entering the EU because they do not meet the strict import rules.

UK export of food has fallen to the EU – With volumes in 2024 Down 34% compared to 2019 – and the industry partially blames the added hassle.

Now both parties have agreed to work on a joint food safety agreement that could remove many of the current barriers.

If it is signed and fully implemented, the paperwork would reduce, finished controls and even toy to lift on products such as raw meat.

Food and Drink Export to the EU in 2023 were worth £ 14 billionGood for 57% of all overseas sale of the sector.

But the deal comes with conditions. The UK will have to follow future EU food standards – a system that is known as “dynamic coordination” – and accept that the European Court of Justice will have the final word in any disputes in this area.

The UK will also be obliged to make a financial contribution. However, it is currently unknown how much the payment would be and if this would be necessary.

Winner: The EU Fisheries ships will have 12 years access to British waters

Loser: British fishermen who wanted annual negotiations about fishing access

Although fishing is a very small part of the British economy – Only 0.04% of GDP in 2024 – It is politically sensitive.

The “reset” document notes “political similarities that lead to full mutual access to waters to fish until 30 June 2038” – a 12 -year extension of the current deal negotiated by the conservative government of Boris Johnson – and much longer than expected.

According to the existing agreement (as a result of expired in 2026), EU ships will have access to British waters to fish – in exchange for transferring 25% of their fish quotum – the amount they may catch – to British fleets.

Some British fishing groups have criticized the existing deal and do not want to extend them.

Elspeth Macdonald, who represents 450 fishing boats as chief executive of the Scottish fishermen’s federation: “This deal is a horror show for Scottish fishermen, much worse than Boris Johnson’s failed Brexit agreement.”

She says that the long -term agreement removes the negotiation forces of the industry in future conversations and prefer annual negotiations with the EU.

Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer says that there will be no increase in the amount that the EU ships can catch in British waters “and says that it will now be easier in British fishermen to export their products.

In 2023, the UK exported £ 1.2 billion fish to the EUAbout 70% of all exports of fish.

Tavish Scott from Salmon Scotland, which represents salmon land in Scotland, says that the agreement to reduce checks would accelerate the delivery of our premium salmon to the market “.

Winner: Young people in the UK and the EU who – if this is confirmed, must be able to work and study more freely between the two

Loser: Those who resist an increase in net migration to the UK point out that every mobility regulation could influence immigrant figures, although this effect can be temporary

The details here still have to be confirmed, but the winners would be those young people from both the UK and the EU who could work and study in Europe and Great Britain more easily. Other youth mobility schemes have focused on people from 18 to 30 years old.

However, the impact of what is called a “youth experience schedule” can be uneven.

Before Brexit came to the UK more young people from the EU than went the other way.

And don’t forget that Sir Keir has promised to “considerably” reduce immigration levels in the coming years. So there is a big question about what impact a UK-EU scheme could have at the British immigration levels.

Madeleine Sumption from Migration Observatory of Oxford University told BBC that a scheme would probably increase net migration in the short term when new participants arrive.

However, she adds that if everyone left the UK when their visa expired, the long -term effects at the migration levels would be minimal.

“If the UK is worried about the impact, it could fit the scheme where it gradually increases the quota. So if people leave, the quota can be raised instead of a big bang at the same time,” she said.

Winner: British tourists may be able to use EGates at EU airports, but we do not know which and from when

Loser: those who expect to escape from long queues this summer

As part of the agreement, British nationals can use EGates on EU airports, instead of having their passport manually checked by a border officer.

The government claims: “British holidaymakers will be able to use more EGates in Europe, so that the dreaded queues are terminated at border control.”

However, the text of the EU-UK agreement is less clear and only refers to the “Potential use of Egates where necessary“.

It is unlikely that every change will be implemented by the summer, travel organization ABTA told BBC Verify.

ABTA believes that the deal clarifies that the EU countries can offer egates to British nationals as soon as a new entry/exit system (EES) will take effect in October.

Ees is an automated IT system for registering all non-EU travelers for a short stay, every time they exceed the external boundaries of the EU.

Whether British passengers will completely avoid a border guard depends on the technology at every border crossing, says Abta.

Winner: British Defense Companies can get contracts from the new EU recovering fund

Loser: EU deficiency companies that hoped to get more of this income

The EU has set up a security campaign for Europe Fund (SAFE) with € 150 billion (£ 126 billion) loans, supported by the EU budget to enable its Member States to be re -armed.

This would be spent on EU -based defense companies. The fund also makes the involvement of a number of non-EU countries possible and can now also be opened for British defense companies. This could possibly enable EU companies to use the fund to buy kit from the UK.

The UK has a large defense industry compared to many EU states and this sector directly has around 164.00 people In the UK.

Between 2020 and 2024 it was UK Estimated by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute To have approved approximately 3.6% of the total worldwide annual poor export, making the UK the seventh largest national exporter.

Again, the detail is still worked out here and we do not know when and exactly how the UK will participate in the fund.